Whole genome sequencing as a tool to strengthen foodborne disease surveillance and response. Module 3

Book excerpt: Globally, there is growing recognition of foodborne diseases as a public health priority. From a public health perspective, foodborne diseases are largely preventable, and can be controlled through effective food safety systems that evaluate hazards along the food chain, from production to consumption. An integrated food chain surveillance system can detect and monitor foodborne bacteria, including antimicrobial resistant bacteria, throughout the food chain. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to change how we detect and monitor microbial hazards in the food chain, as well as how we assess, investigate and manage food safety risks. It is anticipated that this new technology will help reduce the burden of foodborne diseases, given its advantages over previous low-resolution typing and detection methods. The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance on: - The capacities that need to be in place before WGS can be useful for foodborne disease surveillance and response; - The options for implementing WGS; and - How to implement WGS within existing surveillance and response systems. This module is about using WGS in routine surveillance of foodborne diseases. It is meant for countries experienced in laboratory-based surveillance of foodborne pathogens. WGS can be implemented where subtyping foodborne pathogens or replacing traditional typing methods is being considered. Routine surveillance includes outbreak detection, monitoring trends over time, and using WGS for AMR and virulence factor monitoring.