Urology: A Case-Based Approach

Book excerpt: Urology is a field of medicine which focuses on the medical and surgical management of the diseases of the urinary tract system and the disorders of the male reproductive organs. The organs studied under the domain of urology include the adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder, adrenal glands, penis, prostate, testes, etc. The urinary and reproductive systems are closely associated. Therefore, a number of disorders managed in urology also exist under the scope of genitourinary disorders. Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary tract infections can be treated non-surgically. However for the treatment of bladder or prostate cancer, stress incontinence, congenital abnormalities, kidney stones, etc., surgery is generally considered an effective strategy. Urological procedures can be minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, or laser-assisted surgeries. Equipment such as ultrasound and lasers, and fiber-optic endoscopic equipment aid in these procedures. Some of the subspecialties of urology are urologic oncology, endourology, reconstructive urologic surgery, pediatric urologic surgery, etc. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of urology. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various concepts and applications of urology. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.