Once considered of little import, the social history of labor in the Middle East emerged in the 1980s as a major area of research, as historians sought to uncov

This book brings together for the first time the work of many of the leading scholars in the field of Middle East working-class history. Using historical materi

Joel Beinin's book offers a survey of subaltern history in the Middle East.

Gershon Shafir challenges the heroic myths about the foundation of the State of Israel by investigating the struggle to control land and labor during the early

A social history of modern Iran 'from below' focused on subaltern groups and contextualised by developments within Middle Eastern and global history.