Throughout history women have been composing music, but their achievements have usually gone unrecognized.

Over the past 30 years, musicologists have produced a remarkable new body of research literature focusing on the lives and careers of women composers in their s

For a full list of entries and contributors, sample entries, and more, visit the Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women website. Featuring comprehensive

This research is focused on three Istanbulite composers, Leyla Hanımefendi, Nazife Aral-Güran, and Yüksel Koptagel, who lived and produced in consecutive and