Practical/Laboratory Manual Physics Class XI based on NCERT guidelines by Dr. J. P. Goel & Er. Meera Goyal

Book excerpt: SECTION : A EXPERIMENTS 1.Measurement of Length 1.To measure the diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body by using a vernier callipers, 2. To measure the dimensions of a given regular body of known mass, using vernier callipers and hence find its density, 3. To measure the internal diameter and depth of a given cylindrical vessel (say calorimeter/beaker) by using vernier callipers and hence find its internal volume (i.e., capacity) Viva-voce 2. Screw Gauge/Micrometer 4.To determine the diameter of a given wire using a screw gauge and find its volume, 5. To find the thickness of a given sheet with the help of screw gauge, 6.To measure the volume of an irregular lamina by using a screw gauge Viva-voce 3. Spherometer 7.To measure the radius of curvature of a given spherical surface (convex lens) by using a spherometer Viva-voce 4.Mass and Weight 8.To determine the mass of two different objects using a beam balance Viva-voce 5.Parallelogram Law of Vectors 9.To find the weight of a given body using parallelogram law of vectors Viva-voce 6.Simple Pendulum (Measurement of Time) 10.Using a simple pendulum, plot L–T and L–T2 graphs. Hence find the effective length of a second's pendulum, using appropriate graphs Viva-voce 7. Friction 11.To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and to find the coefficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface, Viva-voce 8. Motion of a Body Along an Inclined Plane 12. To find the downward force along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination by plotting graph between force and sin Viva-voce SECTION : B EXPERIMENTS 1.Elasticity 1.To determine the Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of the wire, using Searle's apparatus Viva-voce 2.Spring Constant 2.To find the spring constant of a helical spring by plotting load-extension graph Viva-voce 3. Boyle's Gas Law 3.To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air constant temperature by plotting graphs between P and V and between P and 1/V 18 Viva-voce 4. Surface Tension 4.To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method Viva-voce 5.Viscosity 5.To determine the co-effective of viscosity of given liquid by measuring the terminal velocity of a given spherical body in it Viva-voce 6.Newton's Law of Cooling 6.To study the relationship between temperature of a hot body and time by plotting a cooling curv Viva-voce 7.Vibrations of Strings 7. To study the relation between frequency and length for a given wire under constant tension using a sonometer Viva-voce 8.To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using sonometer Viva-voce 8.Vibrations of Air Columns 9.To find the velocity of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube by two resonance position Viva-voce 9.Specific Heat 10.To determine specific heat of a given solid by the method of mixture 11.To determine the specific heat of a given liquid by method of mixture Viva-voce SECTION : A ACTIVITIES 1.To make a paper scale of given least count e.g., 0.2 cm, 0.5 cm and use it to measure the length of a given object. 2.To determine the mass of a given body using a metre scale and by applying principle of moments. Viva-voce 3.To plot a graph for a given set of data using proper choice of scales and error bars. Viva-voce 4.To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on horizontal plane. Viva-voce 5.To study the variation in the range of a jet of water with angle of projection. Viva-voce 6.To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on inclined plane (using a double inclined plane). Viva-voce 7. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time. Viva-voce SECTION : B ACTIVITIES 1.To observe the change of the state and plot a cooling curve for molten wax. Viva-voce 2.To observe and explain the effect of heating on a bimetallic strip. Viva-voce 3.To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interprect the observations. Viva-voce 4.To study the effect of detergent in surface tension by observing capillary rise. Viva-voce 5.To study the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid. Viva-voce 6.To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped meter scale loaded (i) at itsend (ii) in the middle. Viva-voce 7.To observe the decrease in pressure with the increase in velocity of the fluid. Viva-voce APPENDIX Some Important Tables of Physical Constants Log-Antilog and other Tables