Molecular Architecture and Dynamics of Meiotic Chromosomes

Book excerpt: Meiosis is a special type of cell division that allows the generation of haploid gametes and is a key process for sexual reproduction of animals, plants and fungi. Haploidization requires that meiotic cells undergo a series of unique processes; namely, pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation of homologous chromosomes. This involves profound meiosis-specific changes in the protein composition and architecture of homologous chromosomes as well as of the condensation and folding of chromatin that require a critical timing and regulation. Despite this enormous complexity, different organisms may achieve haploidization through common molecular mechanisms. A major goal of this article collection is to provide an overview of how meiotic chromosomes and their components are critically involved in the mechanisms of haploidization and how dynamic protein complexes yield important structural intermediates and temporal regulation to this process. We welcome submissions of original articles, mini-reviews and review articles dealing with the composition, architecture, function and regulation of meiotic chromosomes of animals, plants and fungi using microscopic, biochemical, molecular, genetic and/or ‘omic’ techniques.