Literary Animal Studies in the Anthropocene

Book excerpt: In 2000, the Nobel Prize-winning chemist Paul J. Crutzen and marine-science specialist Eugene Stoermer coined the term “Anthropocene” based on the assumption that the global impacts of human activities during the last 300 years are so significant and far-reaching in scale that they lead to a new geological epoch. The Anthropocene is adopted to signify the epoch subsequent to the Holocene in which human actions are shaping the planet so profoundly that they are now acting as a geological force. In this era, human activity is the dominant influence on the environment, and all lives on earth. This is the age we are currently living in, though debates about precisely when it began continue to rage. The term has not as yet officially accepted within the field of geology; however as a frame for understanding a period of geological time marked by the significant impact of human activity on the planet, the Anthropocene has “extraordinary potential”, and it is a “unique term simultaneously oriented to the past, present and future” (Human Animal viii). As Morten T∅nnessen, Kristin Armstrong Oma argued, “no matter what one thinks about the Anthropocene, the notion radically changes how we look at nature, and mankind” (viii).