The struggle over fundamental issues erupted with great fury in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. In this book preeminent medievalist Heinrich Fichtenau turns

Before the rise of universities, cathedral schools educated students in a course of studies aimed at perfecting their physical presence, their manners, and thei

More than seventy documents, ranging in date from the early eleventh century to the early fourteenth century and representing both orthodox and heretical viewpo

"Fichtenau delivers a fascinating view of tenth-century Europe on the eve of the second millenium. He writes this hoping we, on the eve of the third millennium,

There are several eras in the history of Christianity radical forms of the tradition are obvious: the early church of the first five centuries, the medieval era