Coastal Environmental Quality and Marine Biodiversity Assessment, volume II

Book excerpt: Large amounts of pollutants and natural disasters have been released into coastal and marine waters, wreaking havoc on the ecosystem and ecology. Pollution and habitat loss caused by humans have had and continue to have a significant impact on worldwide coastal and estuarine ecosystems. More than 80% of all marine pollution originates on land, with the majority of it coming from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources. Coastal and marine pollution is caused by human activities such as offshore oil and gas extraction and maritime oil transportation. Many of the world's estuaries and coastal zones are experiencing eutrophication, hypoxia, and other negative consequences as a result of anthropogenic activities. As a result, it's vital to avoid and regulate coastal and marine pollution, as well as build improved monitoring protocols and systems to aid in the understanding of spatial and temporal changes in coastal water quality. Recent technological advancements in coastal and marine seawater quality monitoring, such as real-time data collecting via data buoys, large-scale remote sensing intervention, automated data collection, and so on, are critical for comprehending real-time data and its influence on the environment.