According to the cognitive penetrability hypothesis, our beliefs, desires, and possibly our emotions literally affect how we see the world. This book elucidates

The issue of the cognitive impenetrability or penetrability of perception lay dormant for a long period of time. Though philosophers reacted to the relativism i

An argument that there are perceptual mechanisms that retrieve information in cognitively and conceptually unmediated ways and that this sheds light on various

One of the most important divisions in the human mind is between perception and reasoning. We reason from information that we take ourselves to have already, bu

This monograph presents a clear account of when and how attentional processes can shape perceptual experience. This argument is based on the prediction-error mi