Investigates papal government in the later-twelfth century, focusing on the decrees issued at papal councils, and their reception.

The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1234 explores the integration of canon law within administration and society in the central Middle

English, Greek, and Latin. Includes the documents in the original text, a reproduction of Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta, and English translations. Includes

The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) was groundbreaking for having introduced to medieval Europe a series of canons that sought to regulate encounters between Chri

In the fourth century, clerics began to distinguish themselves from members of the laity by virtue of their augmented claims to holiness. Because clerical celib