River Plants

Book excerpt: Flow, substrate and plant distribution. Flow, substrate, and how they affect individual plants. River width, drainage order, depth and plant distribution width. Drainage order. Depth. Width-depth associations. Flow patterns and storm damage. Width-slope patterns. Light. Nutrients. Productivity. Plant patterns. Downstream changes. Vegetation of streams on soft rocks. Vegetation of streams on hard rocks. Vegetation of channels with little flow. North American streams: habitat and vegetation patterns. North American ditches and canals. North American streams: vegetation types. Uses and benefits of river plants. Floof hazard created by river plants. Changes in flow patterns. Maintenance and mechanical use of watercourses. Pollution.