Project-Based Approach On DEEP LEARNING Using Scikit-Learn, Keras, And TensorFlow with Python GUI

Book excerpt: In this book, implement deep learning on detecting vehicle license plates, recognizing sign language, and detecting surface crack using TensorFlow, Keras, Scikit-Learn, OpenCV, Pandas, NumPy and other libraries. In chapter 1, you will learn how to use TensorFlow, Keras, Scikit-Learn, OpenCV, Pandas, NumPy and other libraries to perform detecting vehicle license plates using Car License Plate Detection dataset provided by Kaggle (https://www.kaggle.com/andrewmvd/car-plate-detection/download). To perform license plate detection, these steps are taken: 1. Dataset Preparation: Extract the dataset and organize it into separate folders for images and annotations. The annotations should contain bounding box coordinates for license plate regions.; 2. Data Preprocessing: Load the images and annotations from the dataset. Preprocess the images by resizing, normalizing, or applying any other necessary transformations. Convert the annotation bounding box coordinates to the appropriate format for training.; 3. Training Data Generation: Divide the dataset into training and validation sets. Generate training data by augmenting the images and annotations (e.g., flipping, rotating, zooming). Create data generators or data loaders to efficiently load the training data.; 4. Model Development: Choose a suitable deep learning model architecture for license plate detection, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN). Use TensorFlow and Keras to develop the model architecture. Compile the model with appropriate loss functions and optimization algorithms.; 5. Model Training: Train the model using the prepared training data. Monitor the training process by tracking metrics like loss and accuracy. Adjust the hyperparameters or model architecture as needed to improve performance.; 6. Model Evaluation: Evaluate the trained model using the validation set. Calculate relevant metrics like precision, recall, and F1 score. Make any necessary adjustments to the model based on the evaluation results.; 7. License Plate Detection: Use the trained model to detect license plates in new images. Apply any post-processing techniques to refine the detected regions. Extract the license plate regions and further process them if needed. In chapter 2, you will learn how to use TensorFlow, Keras, Scikit-Learn, OpenCV, Pandas, NumPy and other libraries to perform sign language recognition using Sign Language Digits Dataset. Here are the steps to perform sign language recognition using the Sign Language Digits Dataset: 1. Download the dataset from Kaggle: You can visit the Kaggle Sign Language Digits Dataset page (https://www.kaggle.com/ardamavi/sign-language-digits-dataset) and download the dataset.; 2. Extract the dataset: After downloading the dataset, extract the contents from the downloaded zip file to a suitable location on your local machine.; 3.Load the dataset: The dataset consists of two parts - images and a CSV file containing the corresponding labels. The images are stored in a folder, and the CSV file contains the image paths and labels.; 4. Preprocess the dataset: Depending on the specific requirements of your model, you may need to preprocess the dataset. This can include tasks such as resizing images, converting labels to numerical format, normalizing pixel values, or splitting the dataset into training and testing sets.; 5. Build a machine learning model: Use libraries such as TensorFlow and Keras to build a sign language recognition model. This typically involves designing the architecture of the model, compiling it with suitable loss functions and optimizers, and training the model on the preprocessed dataset.; 6. Evaluate the model: After training the model, evaluate its performance using appropriate evaluation metrics. This can help you understand how well the model is performing on the sign language recognition task.; 7. Make predictions: Once the model is trained and evaluated, you can use it to make predictions on new sign language images. Pass the image through the model, and it will predict the corresponding sign language digit. In chapter 3, you will learn how to use TensorFlow, Keras, Scikit-Learn, OpenCV, Pandas, NumPy and other libraries to perform detecting surface crack using Surface Crack Detection provided by Kaggle (https://www.kaggle.com/arunrk7/surface-crack-detection/download). Here's a general outline of the process: Data Preparation: Start by downloading the dataset from the Kaggle link you provided. Extract the dataset and organize it into appropriate folders (e.g., training and testing folders).; Import Libraries: Begin by importing the necessary libraries, including TensorFlow, Keras, Scikit-Learn, OpenCV, Pandas, and NumPy.; Data Loading and Preprocessing: Load the images and labels from the dataset. Since the dataset may come in different formats, it's essential to understand its structure and adjust the code accordingly. Use OpenCV to read the images and Pandas to load the labels.; Data Augmentation: Perform data augmentation techniques such as rotation, flipping, and scaling to increase the diversity of the training data and prevent overfitting. You can use the ImageDataGenerator class from Keras for this purpose.; Model Building: Define your neural network architecture using the Keras API with TensorFlow backend. You can start with a simple architecture like a convolutional neural network (CNN). Experiment with different architectures to achieve better performance.; Model Compilation: Compile your model by specifying the loss function, optimizer, and evaluation metric. For a binary classification problem like crack detection, you can use binary cross-entropy as the loss function and Adam as the optimizer.; Model Training: Train your model on the prepared dataset using the fit() method. Split your data into training and validation sets using train_test_split() from Scikit-Learn. Monitor the training progress and adjust hyperparameters as needed. Model Evaluation: Evaluate the performance of your trained model on the test set. Use appropriate evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Scikit-Learn provides functions for calculating these metrics.; Model Prediction: Use the trained model to predict crack detection on new unseen images. Load the test images, preprocess them if necessary, and use the trained model to make predictions.