Practical/Laboratory Manual Science Class X based on NCERT guidelines by Dr. J. P. Goel, Dr. S. C. Rastogi, Dr. Sunita Bhagia & Er. Meera Goyal

Book excerpt: Physics : 1.To determine the focal length of concave mirror, 2. To find the focal length of convex lens by two pin method, 3. To find the image distance for varying object distances in case of a convex lens and drawing corresponding ray diagrams to show the nature of image formed, 4.To trace the path of the rays of light through a glass prism, 5.To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for difference angles of incidence. 6.To study the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I) passing through it and determine its resistance. Also plotting a graph between V and I.7.To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series and parallel Chemistry : 8.To find the pH of the following samples by using pH paper universal indicator, 9.To studying the properties of a base (dil. NaOH Solution) and Acid (HCl) by their reaction with : (a) Litmus solution (Blue/Red), (b) Zinc metal, (c) Solid sodium carbonate, 10.To perform and observe the following reactions and to classify them into (a) Combination reaction, (b) Decomposition reaction, (c) Displacement reaction, (d) Double displacement reaction : (i) Action of water on quick lime, (ii) Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals, (iii) Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution, (iv) Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions.11.To observe the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al on the following salt solutions : (a) ZnSO4 (aq.), (b) FeSO4 (aq.), (c) CuSO4 (aq.), (d) Al2 (SO4)3 (aq.). Based on the above result to arrange Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order or reactivity,12.To study the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) : (i) Odour, (ii) Solubility in water, (iii) Effect on litmus, (iv) Reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate. 13.To study the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water. Biology : 14.To study stomata by preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel. 15. To show experimentally that carbon dioxide (CO2) is given out during aerobic respiration, 16. To study (A) Binary fission in Amoeba and (B) Budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides, 17.To identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (pea, gram or red kidney beans.)