Pocket Guideline of Diabetic Foot

Book excerpt: Section 1: Medical Aspect of Diabetic Foot 1. Diabetes Mellitus-A Clinical Challenge 2. Top Ten Countries for Number of Adults with Diabetes 3. Epidemiology of the Diabetic Foot 4. Economical Burden of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer 5. Pathway to Diabetic Foot Ulcer 6. Factors Associated with Foot Ulcer 7. Pathophysiology of Foot Ulceration 8. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy 9. Types of Peripheral Neuropathy 10. Tests for Peripheral Neuropathy 11. Vibration Test 12. Biothesiometer or Neuro-esthesiometer 13. Other Tests for Peripheral Neuropathy 14. Neuropad (Autonomic Test) 15. Neuro-osteoarthropathy (Charcot Foot) 16. Indications for a Neurological Referral in Patients with Suspected Diabetic Sensorimotor Neuropathy 17. Oral Symptomatic Therapies in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy 18. Peripheral Arterial Diseases 19. Stages of Peripheral Arterial Disease 20. Chronic Critical Ischemia 21. Classification of Peripheral Arterial Disease 22. Interpretation of the Ankle-brachial Index 23. Computed Tomography Scan Angiogram of Lower Limbs 24. Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitor 25. Clinical Symptoms of Neuropathic and Ischemic Foot Ulcers 26. Neuroischemic Diabetic Foot (Mixed) 27. Diabetic Foot Infections 28. Risk Factors for Infection 29. Three Most Important Clinical Categories of Infections 30. Cellulitis 31. Deep Soft Tissue Infection 32. Chronic Osteomyelitis 33. Criteria for Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis 34. Typical Features of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis on Plain X-rays 35. Classification and Severity of Infection 36. Indications of Worsening Infection 37. Characteristics Suggesting a More Serious Diabetic Foot Infection and Potential Indications for Hospitalization 38. Factors that May Influence Choices of Antibiotics Therapy for Diabetic Foot Infections (Specific Agents, Route of Administration, Duration of Therapy) 39. Factors Potentially Favoring Selecting Either Primarily Antibiotics or Surgical Resection for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis 40. Antibiotic Regimens for Mild, Moderate, and Severe Diabetic Foot Infections 41. Duration of Treatment for Infected Diabetic Foot 42. Wagner Classification 43. PEDIS Classification 44. The University of Texas Classification 45. SINDBAD Classification 46. Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System 47. Ischemia: Clinical Category 48. Foot Infection: Clinical Category 49. Simple Staging of the Diabetic Foot 50. Consider the Whole Patient and not the Hole in the Patient to Ensure Effective Care of the Foot Ulcer 51. Foot Examination 52. Ulcer Assessment 53. Wound Bed 54. Examination of Edge, Wall, and Base 55. A Summary of the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer 56. Local Wound Treatment 57. Role of Debridement in Ulcer Management 58. Debridement Methods and Its Characteristics 59. Summary of Indications for Different Dressings/Devices 60. Ulcer Healing 61. Surgical Intervention in Severe Cases where Abnormal Pressure Distribution is Causing Persistent and Nonresolvable Ulceration 62. Biomechanics Factors and Footwear 63. Plantar Pressure Reduction 64. Footwear and Offloading for the Diabetic Foot: An Evidence-based Guideline 65. General Guide to Footwear Based on Risk Status 66. Examination of the Insensate Diabetic Foot 67. The Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Outcome and Management 68. Global Burden of Limb Amputation 69. Preventing Diabetic Foot Amputation 70. Nonulcerative Pathology of Ulcers 71. Social Factors of the Diabetic Foot 72. Time is Tissue in the Diabetic Foot 73. Pathway to