Orthodontic Miniscrew Implants

Book excerpt: 1. INTRODUCTION: Case example About this book. -- 2. BRIEF REVIEW OF THE USE OF IMPLANTS IN ORTHODONTICS: Early research and development Later developments Miniscrews Terminology. -- 3. MINISCREW IMPLANTS: CONCEPTS AND CONTROVERSIES: Method of insertion: drill-free versus pre-drilling Primary stability: osseointegration versus mechanical interlocking Timing of loading: immediate versus delayed loading Loading characteristics and implant stability Secondary stability: bone remodeling around the miniscrew implant Miniscrew implant design and insertion and removal torque. -- 4. TERMINOLOGY, DESIGN FEATURES AND ARMAMENTARIUM: Terminology and design features Armamentarium. -- 5. ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS AND PLACEMENT/REMOVAL OF ORTHODONTIC MINISCREW IMPLANTS: Anatomic considerations Miniscrew implant placement and removal Post-placement instructions for the patient Timing of initial force application. -- 6. MINISCREW IMPLANT ANCHORAGE FOR ANTEROPOSTERIOR TOOTH MOVEMENT: Use of miniscrew implants for absolute anchorage when mesial movement of posterior teeth is not indicated Miniscrew implant anchorage for retraction of the entire dentition Miniscrew implant anchorage for molar distalization Miniscrew implant anchorage for anterior movement of posterior teeth. -- 7. MINISCREW IMPLANT ANCHORAGE FOR INTRUSION OF TEETH: Indications for intrusion Intrusion using miniscrews Design of the appliance Optimum force levels Occlusal and facial consequences of orthodontic intrusion Miniscrew implant anchorage for intrusion of the entire dentition Miniscrew implant anchorage for intrusion of posterior teeth Miniscrew implant anchorage for intrusion of anterior teeth. -- 8. MINISCREW IMPLANT ANCHORAGE FOR TRANSVERSE AND ASYMMETRIC TOOTH MOVEMENT: Transverse and asymmetric tooth movement. -- 9. OTHER USES OF MINISCREW IMPLANTS: Using miniscrew implants for intermaxillary fixation; Local tooth movements 10. COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT: Complications during and following insertion Complications during the loading period Complications during removal.