Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died, Addressed to Donatus

Book excerpt: Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author (c. 250 - c. 325) who became an advisor to the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine I, guiding his religious policy as it developed, and tutor to his son. In The Divine Institutes, Lactantius expected an earthly reign of the resurrected saints with Jesus after His second advent for the thousand years before the universal judgment. He presented, in sharp chronological summary, the premillennial advent, the two resurrections, the millennial period, and the reign of the saints with Christ, with surprising astuteness, reflecting the unsettled doctrine of the time. With the conversion of Constantine, the Christians were no longer persecuted, their adversaries were destroyed, and tranquility reigned. The world's favor, rather than its hatred, became the church's peril. Multitudes flocked into the church because it was now fashionable and the church, long comfortable to persecution and expected martyrdom, became worldly. New errors commingled with older ones, and with truth. In the outline of Bible history, Lactantius dealt with the plan of salvation, the origin of sin, creation, probation in Eden, the fall, and the incarnation of Christ. He said that "as the end of this world approaches, the condition of human affairs must undergo a change, and through the prevalence of wickedness become worse."