Introduction to Falkland Islands

Book excerpt: The Falkland Islands, also known as the Malvinas, are a British overseas territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. The archipelago consists of over 700 islands, with the two largest being East Falkland and West Falkland. The Falkland Islands has a population of approximately 3,500 people, with most residents living in the capital city of Stanley. English is the official language and the currency is the Falkland Islands pound. The Falkland Islands have a rich history dating back to the 16th century when the Spanish and British both claimed ownership of the islands. In 1833, the British established a permanent settlement and the islands were officially declared a British colony in 1841. In 1982, a conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom broke out over the ownership of the islands, resulting in a 74-day war that claimed the lives of over 900 people. The islands remain a point of political tension between the two countries, with Argentina continuing to claim sovereignty over the Falkland Islands. Despite this, the Falkland Islands have become a popular tourist destination known for their unique wildlife, rugged landscapes, and British culture.