The story of a pivotal moment in modern world history, when representative democracy became a political option for Arabs - and how the West denied the opportuni

When Europe's Great War engulfed the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalists rose in revolt against their Turkish rulers and allied with the British on the promise of

The Arab Spring uprising of 2011 is portrayed as a dawn of democracy in the region. But the revolutionaries were—and saw themselves as—heirs to a centuries-

First, a colonial welfare state emerged by World War II that recognized social rights of citizens to health, education, and labor protection.

A historical study of the 1925 revolt against French rule in Syria, and how it established a new popular nationalism that helped shape the Middle East. The Grea