Causes and Consequences of Solitude in Children and Adolescents

Book excerpt: Solitude has been conceived of as both a physical and perceived separation from others. Given the current state of virtual communication permitted by technology, contemporary conceptions of solitude describe a state where an individual is removed from opportunities for social interaction. Historical views have emphasized both the good and the bad of solitude for child and adolescent development. For example, spending time alone is thought to facilitate critical developmental skills, including individuation, self-regulation, and achieving a sense of autonomy. However, there is also widespread concern that spending too much time alone will deprive children and adolescents of the critical and unique opportunities and benefits afforded peer interactions. This is one example of the paradox of solitude that illustrates the complex nature of solitude and its relations with well‐being. In addition, researchers have further proposed a model of developmental timing effects for solitude, in which non-linear variations are postulated in the implications of solitude from early childhood to emerging adulthood. Such non-linear variations reflect the myriad of factors that could serve to mediate, moderate, and complicate how solitude impacts child and adolescent well‐being.