The first great city to which the Crusaders came in 1089 was not Jerusalem but Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Almost as much as Jerusalem

In the ever increasing volume of Byzantine Studies in recent years there seems to be one very apparent void, namely, the history and culture of the Byzantine Je

An analytical account of developments within Byzantine culture, society and the state from c. 610 to 717.

“Wealth without work Pleasure without conscience Science without humanity Knowledge without character Politics without principle Commerce without morality Wor