Bill Traylor, William Edmondson and the Modernist Impulse

Book excerpt: "'Bill Traylor, William Edmondson, and the Modernist Impulse' is the first large-scale exhibition focusing on the works of two major figures in American and African American art history: Bill Traylor (1854-1949), a draftsman, and William Edmondson (1874-1951), a sculptor. Although Traylor and Edmondson are typically defined as "folk" or "outsider" artists whose works reflect the roots of African American culture, their work was discovered and first discussed in the broader context of modernism. Born a slave in 1854, Bill Traylor worked as a cotton laborer throughout much of his life. At the age of 85, while living on the streets in downtown Montgomery, Alabama, he picked up a pencil and began to draw. When he died ten years later, he had created more than 1,500 works of art that simultaneously pulse with the musical energy of the blues and reflect on the economic depression and race relations in Alabama during the 1930s and 1940s. William Edmondson was born into poverty in 1874, and in the early 1930s he began to gather discarded stones carving them into simple, but powerful tombstones. He died in 1951 leaving behind a body of work full of strongly abstract forms and divine inspiration. Paradoxically, Edmondson and Traylor were among the first African Americans to gain recognition from the official art world. In 1937 Edmondson was the first black artist to be exhibited at The Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Traylor's work was shown both in Montgomery and in New York in the 1940s. After World War II and the deaths of both artists (1949 and 1951), shifting priorities in institutional culture, politics, and taste, but especially the dominance of Greenbergian aesthetic dogmatism, removed artists like Traylor and Edmondson from a (by now much narrower) view of modern art. As a result, the work of both artists fell into oblivion for several decades. However, the civil rights movement and black cultural movements in the 1960s paved the way for a reevaluation and rediscovery. ... 'Bill Traylor, William Edmondson, and the Modernist Impulse' is the first exhibition, however, in which their work and careers will be discussed outside of the reductive framework of "self-taught" art -- namely, within the broader context of American and European culture of the first half of the twentieth century. The aesthetic language of the work of both Edmondson and Traylor, its simplicity, freshness, and independence -- in other words, its radical modernity -- made it so attractive for young artists, photographers, and curators who were part of the modernist movement in America in the 1930s. This exhibition and publication are part of a broader tendency to revisit the history of modernism in the United States and especially those exponents who have been excluded from the canon of modern art for several decades. It is time to discuss and recognize the role and place of Bill Traylor and William Edmondson and their work outside the ghetto of "outsider" and "self-taught" art. This exhibition and publication offer a vehicle to better understand the aesthetic language of this work and the larger framework of cultural and social impulses to which it is related. But most importantly, the exhibition positions Traylor and Edmondson within the aesthetic discourse and institutional framework of modern art, which since World War II has increasingly become a synonym for mainstream, established art."--