Aztec Mythology

Book excerpt: The Aztec Empire, one of the most powerful and complex civilizations of Mesoamerica, was not only remarkable for its military conquests and grand architecture but also for its deeply spiritual and mythological worldview. At the heart of Aztec society was a profound belief in the gods and the sacredness of ritual, which governed everything from daily life to the empire's grandest ceremonies. Aztec mythology, rich with gods, cosmic battles, and creation stories, shaped the culture and practices of this ancient civilization. Understanding Aztec mythology is essential to understanding the values, actions, and worldview of the Aztec people, as it provided the framework within which they interpreted their world and their place within it. Aztec myths are not just stories of gods and heroes; they are a reflection of the Aztec's relationship with the cosmos, nature, and each other. These myths explained the origins of the world, the cycles of life, and the creation of humanity, often with gods battling forces of chaos and death to establish order and balance. The gods were not distant, abstract figures; they were seen as active forces in the world, deeply involved in the lives of the people. To the Aztecs, the gods gave life and demanded nourishment in return. This divine reciprocity was central to the practice of sacrifice, both human and material, which played a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the cosmos and ensuring the favor of the gods.