Two new philosophical problems surrounding the gradation of certainty began to emerge in the 17th century and are still very much alive today. One is concerned

An introductory 2001 textbook on probability and induction written by a foremost philosopher of science.

A Logical Introduction to Probability and Induction is a textbook on the mathematics of the probability calculus and its applications in philosophy. On the math

This work presents the basic concepts of probability to philosophy students who are new to this area of the subject.

A thorough and practical introduction to inductive logic with a focus on arguments and the rules used for making inductive inferences. This textbook offers a th