A Novel Approach to Seawater Desalination Using Dual-staged Nanofiltration

Book excerpt: An alternative to desalting seawater by the traditional seawater RO (SWRO) method is a novel dual-staged nanofiltration (NF2) process developed by the Long Beach Water Department (LBWD). With this as a basis, this report investigated The capability of dual-staged nanofiltration for seawater desalination to reduce operational costs was assessed through a research plan divided into four phases: theoretical basis of the system (governing equations, membrane suitability, etc.); operational optimization approaches (pilot tests and use of a predictive model); preliminary strategies for blending desalinated water with existing finished water; and verification of inherent redundancy of the process with viral challenge tests.