A Hidden Revolution

Book excerpt: Building upon past insights, Dr. Rivkin moves forward in recognizing the unique contributions and reconstructing the obscure origins of the Pharisees. Through analysis of the writings of the Jewish historian Josephus, the New Testament, and the body of writings known as the Tannaitic literature, he arrives at a valid identity for the Pharisees: a scholar class dedicated to the supremacy of the twofold Law, the Written and the Oral, who opposed the Sadducees (exponents of the sole authority of the Written Law) and who ultimately made the twofold Law operative in Jewish society. Dr. Rivkin asserts that the essence of the Pharisaic "hidden revolution" was a firm and unwavering belief in a triadic doctrine that elevated the individual above the cultic system and made salvation an individual rather than a group matter. In this way, the Pharisees paved the way for Christianity and Islam.