Trade unions in Europe are currently facing a series of challenges that stem from changes to regulatory and production regimes implemented by the state and empl

Trade unions in Canada are losing their traditional support base, and membership numbers could sink to US levels unless unions recapture their power. Unions, Eq

Trade unions in most of Europe are on the defensive: in recent decades they have lost membership, sometimes drastically; their collective bargaining power has d

Trade union education is in the doldrums. It generally lacks modern ways of teaching and is full of outdated content and avoids history, economics and politics.

Has European economic and market integration curtailed the autonomy of national industrial relations actors and institutions? Or has it reinforced their roles i