This book describes physical conditions in the upper atmosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth.

As a star in the universe, the Sun is constantly releas- cover a wide range of time and spatial scales, making ?? ing energy into space, as much as ?. ? ?? erg/

Solar-terrestrial physics deals with phenomena in the region of space between the surface of the Sun and the upper atmosphere of the Earth, a region dominated b

Observations and physical concepts are interwoven to give basic explanations of phenomena and also show the limitations in these explanations and identify some