Laboratory Manual of Human Anatomy and Physiology

Book excerpt: We are very happy to put forth 'Laboratory Manual of Human Anatomy & Physiology'. We have incorporated all the suggestions, modified it to make it easier, student friendly and relevant in terms of achieving curriculum outcome. We are very much thankful to all the learned teachers who have given their feedback whole-heartedly. We have even incorporated the changes in this manual based on the feedback given by the teachers from all the institutes. Now, we believe that the manual has been fulfilling the aspirations of Human Anatomy & Physiology' teachers and students too. This manual is prepared as per PCI Education Regulations, 2020 for Diploma Course in Pharmacy. The methods of all the experiments are reviewed and added from the recent research papers, so that the advancement in the methods or apparatus can be addressed. This manual is designed for 'outcome-based education' and each experiment is arranged in a uniform way such as practical significance, practical outcomes (PrOs) and its mapping with course outcomes, minimum theoretical background, resources used, procedure, precautions, observations, result, conclusion, references, and related questions. Moreover, assessment scheme is also given to help the student and teacher to know what to be assessed. This manual is prepared as per PCI Education Regulations, 2020 for Diploma Course in Pharmacy. This manual contains all the practicals suggested and given in the syllabus. In addition, we have divided each experiment into various parts that make the students' understanding easier. Moreover, it will also help the students to find out the resource material required and what they should use. In each experiment the questions are given as Questions identified that are incorporated for both teacher and students to learn more about the practicals. We have also included the references for learning more if needed by the teacher or student. The manual also focuses on the student's skill and learning, hence each experiment is having activity for the students. In addition, if the teacher feels that he should assign some more activity or other than included in the experiment, he can. We acknowledge the help and co-operation extended by various persons in bringing out this manual. We are highly indebted to the authors of various books and articles mentioned in references or further reading material which became a major source of information for writing this manual. We also thank the publishers, designers and printers who graciously worked hard to publish this manual in time.