Oscillations in opium poppy production in Afghanistan have long been associated with how the state was perceived, such as after the Taliban imposed a cultivatio

Life, Death and Addiction Inside Afghanistan’s Opium Trade The farmer’s survival. The Taliban’s fight. The warlord’s power. Democracy’s ruin. Afghanis

Historians have long neglected Afghanistan's broader history when portraying the opium industry. But in Poppies, Politics, and Power, James Tharin Bradford reba

“The present study goes beyond reporting on a single year's production and value. It examines Afghanistan's opium economy in order to understand its dynamics,