In the eleventh and twelfth centuries the Normans had a formative influence on the development of states and societies in the British Isles, southern Italy and

The Norman conquerors of Anglo-Saxon England have traditionally been seen both as rapacious colonizers and as the harbingers of a more civilized culture, replac

Modern historians of the Normans have tended to treat their enterprises and achievements as a series of separate and discrete histories. Such treatments are val

This book provides a selection from the abundant source material generated by the Normans and the peoples they conquered. As this study demonstrates, few other

Jews and Judaism played a significant role in the history of the expansion of Europe to the west as well as in the history of the economic, social, and religiou