The state of ecosystems, biological communities and species are continuously changing as a result of both natural processes and the activities of humans. In ord

Living communities are continuously changing, both as a result of natural processes and of human activities. It is essential for us to have effective biological

Monitoring has become fashionable. Business now talks about monitoring its activities, efficiency, costs and profits. The National Health Service is monitoring

Monitoring Ecological Impacts provides the tools needed to design assessment programs that can reliably monitor, detect, and allow management of human impacts o

Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to understanding the natural environment and managing major environmental problems. Yet they are often done very p