Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his hono

Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as soli

Bacteria have been the dominant forms of life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years. They rapidly evolve, constantly changing their genetic architecture throu

Groundbreaking research over the last 10 years has given rise to the hologenome concept of evolution. This concept posits that the holobiont (host plus all of i

At a glance, most species seem adapted to the environment in which they live. Yet species relentlessly evolve, and populations within species evolve in differen