The Achmea judgment revolutionised intra-EU investment protection by declaring intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (intra-EU BITs) incompatible with EU law.

The steadily rising number of investor-State arbitration proceedings within the EU has triggered an extensive backlash and an increased questioning of the inter

Global banking and finance is a complex and specialized field with sector-specific investment forms, subject to distinctive legal and regulatory frameworks and

This book outlines the principles behind the international law of foreign investment. The main focus is on the law governed by bilateral and multilateral invest

This book provides a comprehensive portrait of how international responsibility of the EU and the Member States is structured under the EU’s international inv