This paper discusses about countries where multiple exchange rates are in effect, IMF staff estimates of weighted average exchange rates are used in many cases.

In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set

This paper discusses that for ease of comparison between the nominal effective exchange rate index and the real effective exchange rate index, the average excha

This edition of Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual and Compilation Guide (Manual) updates and merges into one volume methodological and practical aspects

This volume provides an analysis of the global monetary system and proposes a comprehensive yet evolutionary reform of the system aimed at creating better monet