What constitutes a causal explanation, and must an explanation be causal? What warrants a causal inference, as opposed to a descriptive regularity? What techniq

The application of causal inference methods is growing exponentially in fields that deal with observational data. Written by pioneers in the field, this practic

Panel data, which consist of information gathered from the same individuals or units at several different points in time, are commonly used in the social scienc

An accessible, contemporary introduction to the methods for determining cause and effect in the Social Sciences “Causation versus correlation has been the bas

This book provides an up-to-date and accessible introduction to causal inference in quantitative research. Featuring worked example datasets throughout, it clea